Restoration of a Miniature Patek Philippe
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It was then necessary to temper (soften) the ends of the hardened steel cylinder because small plugs must be pressed into the ends to form the pivots. Leaving the cylinder hard where the escape wheel teeth make contact is the trick.  The photo shows the color changes that took place as a result of the heat that was applied during the tempering process This was done by heating the wire, first one side then the other, and watching the color change travel down the wire until it affected only the desired portion of the cylinder.
Finally the part was lapped and polished to finished size inside and out. The finished part is shown in the photo below.

Plugs (tampons)were then made from hardened and tempered steel.    Very carefully they were fitted into the cylinder and the pivots were turned and finished as with a more common staff. The pivot size for this small watch is .07mm similar to a modern wristwatch.

I am constantly amazed at the achievements of the very talented craftsmen who refined the Art of Watchmaking. I have a deep respect for those who have gone before. It has been my privilege to restore wonderful creations made long ago, often prior to the machine age.  Many of them were made with hand and foot powered tools using natural lighting or oil burning lamps.  

Early watches were not designed with the help of advanced engineering concepts but more by trial and error. Many years of seeing what worked and trying a better idea lead to a better and better product.  The miracle will continue.

photo shows the color changes The finished part